政府, 请别再监视维基百科 |
发布时间: 2016-04-06 16:38 点击次数: |
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SAN FRANCISCO — TODAY, we’re filing a lawsuit against the National Security Agency to protect the rights of the 500 million people who use Wikipedia every month. We’re doing so because a fundamental pillar of democracy is at stake: the free exchange of knowledge and ideas. 旧金山——今天,我们对国家安全局(National Security Agency)发起诉讼,以保护每月使用维基百科 (Wikipedia)的5亿用户的权利。我们这么做是因为此事危及民主的根基,也就是知识和思想的自由交流
。 Our lawsuit says that the N.S.A.’s mass surveillance of Internet traffic on American soil — often called “upstream” surveillance — violates the Fourth Amendment, which protects the right to privacy, as well as the First Amendment, which protects the freedoms of expression and association. We also argue that this agency activity exceeds the authority granted by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act that Congress amended in 2008. 我们的起诉书指出,国家安全局对美国境内网络数据往来实施的大规模监控项目——通常被称为“上游 ”监控——违反了宪法第四修正案保护隐私权的规定,以及第一修正案保护言论及集会自由的规定。我 们还认为,该机构的行动越过了国会2008年修订的《外国情报监视法案》(Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act)授予他们的权力。 its tens of millions of articles in hundreds of languages. Every month, at least 75,000 volunteers in the United States and around the world contribute their time and passion to
writing those articles and keeping the site going — and growing. 目,用户是不需要有账号的。在美国乃至世界范围内,每月至少有7.5万名志愿者奉献自己的时间和热情
,编写条目,使网站保持运转——并不断发展。 work on everything from Tiananmen Square to gay rights in Uganda. Many of them prefer to work anonymously, especially those who work on controversial issues or who live in
countries with repressive governments. 的工作,话题涉及从天安门广场到乌干达同性恋权利问题等各个领域。其中很多人倾向于匿名工作,特
别是那些研究有争议问题的志愿者,或者生活在极权统治国家的志愿者。 States government is monitoring what they read and write. Unfortunately, their anonymity is far from certain because, using upstream surveillance, the N.S.A. intercepts and searches virtually all of the international text-based traffic that flows across the Internet “backbone” inside the United States. This is the network of fiber-optic cables and
junctions that connect Wikipedia with its global community of readers and editors. 们的匿名性根本得不到保障,因为国家安全局利用上游监控拦截并搜寻几乎所有经由美国“骨干网”传 输的、基于文本的国际流量。而这个骨干网,正是连接维基百科与全球读者及编辑群体的光纤和枢纽网
络。 the N.S.A. is tracking that activity — including the content of what was read or typed, as well as other information that can be linked to the person’s physical location and possible identity. These activities are sensitive and private: They can reveal everything from a person’s political and religious beliefs to sexual orientation and medical
conditions. 或输入的内容,以及其他涉及个人实际位置及潜在身份的信息。这些活动非常敏感和私密:它们可以透
露一切信息,从个人的政治及宗教信仰,到性取向和健康状况。 stretch of the imagination. One of the documents revealed by the whistle-blower Edward J. Snowden specifically identified Wikipedia as a target for surveillance, alongside several other major websites like CNN.com, Gmail and Facebook. The leaked slide from a classified PowerPoint presentation declared that monitoring these sites could allow N.S.A. analysts to
learn “nearly everything a typical user does on the Internet.” (Edward J. Snowden)披露的一份文件明确指出,维基百科以及CNN.com、Gmail、Facebook等几家主要网 站是监控的目标。一张被曝光的机密PowerPoint幻灯片显示,对这些网站的监控让安全局分析师可以了
解“一个普通用户在网上的几乎所有活动”。 clear: Pervasive surveillance has a chilling effect. It stifles freedom of expression and
the free exchange of knowledge that Wikimedia was designed to enable.
制了言论自由和知识交流自由,而维基百科旨在使人们可以行使这些权利。 educate the world about what was happening. Continuing cooperation between American and Egyptian intelligence services is well established; the director of Egypt’s main spy agency under President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi boasted in 2013 that he was “in constant
contact” with the Central Intelligence Agency. 情。美国与埃及两国情报机构的持续合作得到了确认;阿卜杜勒-法塔赫·塞西(Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) 政府主要情报机构的负责人在2013年夸耀称,他与中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency)“一直保
持联系”。 opposition or discuss it with fellow editors. If that user knows the N.S.A. is routinely combing through her contributions to Wikipedia, and possibly sharing information with her government, she will surely be less likely to add her knowledge or have that conversation,
for fear of reprisal. 。如果这名用户知道美国国家安全局定期搜查她为维基百科贡献的内容,还可能与自己的政府分享信息
,肯定会不愿意贡献内容或进行那样的对话,因为她会担心遭到报复。 contributors in other countries. That represents a loss for everyone who uses Wikipedia and the Internet — not just fellow editors, but hundreds of millions of readers in the United
States and around the world.
来说是一种损失——不仅仅是编辑们,还有美国及世界各地的数亿读者。 joining as a fellow plaintiff a broad coalition of human rights, civil society, legal, media and information organizations. Their work, like ours, requires them to engage in
sensitive Internet communications with people outside the United States. ,作为原告加入了一个由人权组织、公民社会组织、法律、媒体及信息组织组成的广泛联盟。与我们一
样,他们的工作需要与境外人士进行涉及敏感信息的网络交流。
of Internet traffic. freedom of inquiry and association. It empowers us to read, write and communicate in
confidence, without fear of persecution. Knowledge flourishes where privacy is protected. 阅读、撰写和交流,不用担心遭受迫害。 海口语意联翻译公司 上一篇:美国蒙特雷高级翻译学院 下一篇:盗版用户也能免费升级Windows10(双语) |